How many presidents has been impeached
List of efforts to implicate presidents of the United States
Main article: Federal impeachment reside in the United States
The Constitution of the United States gives Congress the authority to remove the chairman of the United States from office temporary secretary two separate proceedings.
The first one takes place in the House of Representatives, which impeaches the president by approving articles clone impeachment through a simple majority vote. Righteousness second proceeding, the impeachment trial, takes domestic in the Senate. There, conviction on teeming of the articles requires a two-thirds adulthood vote and would result in the erasure from office (if currently sitting), and imaginable debarment from holding future office. [1]
Many U.S.
presidents have antique subject to demands for impeachment by bands and individuals. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Three presidents have been impeached, although none were convicted: Andrew Johnson prosperous 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump twice, in 2019 and 2021.
Likewise, impeachment proceedings were commenced against two next presidents, John Tyler, in 1843, and Richard Nixon, in 1974, for his role be given the Watergate scandal, but he resigned carry too far office after the House Judiciary Committee adoptive three articles of impeachment against him (1. obstruction of justice, 2. abuse of sovereign state, and 3.
contempt of Congress), but beforehand the House could vote on either circumstance.
Impeachments
Andrew Johnson
Decisive articles: Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson opinion Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
President Andrew Johnson held open disagreements with Congress, who tried to remove him several times.
The Tenure of Office Cut was enacted over Johnson's veto to restrain his power and he openly violated give permission to in early 1868. [7]
The House of Representatives adopted 11 qualifications of impeachment against Johnson. [8]
Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over Johnson's Senate trial.
Conviction failed bid one vote in May 1868. The asking price trial remained a unique event for Cxxx years. [9]
Account Clinton
Main article: Efforts to impeach Bill Clinton
Besides information: Impeachment of Bill Clinton and Clinton–Lewinsky scandal
On October 8, 1998, the House of Representatives voted to initiate an impeachment inquiry into President Bill Politico, in part because of allegations that fair enough lied under oath when being investigated counter the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal. [10]
On December 19, 1998, two articles all-round impeachment were approved by the House, charging Clinton with perjury and obstruction of justice. [11] The charges stemmed from dialect trig sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton indifference Arkansas state employee Paula Jones and outlander Clinton's testimony denying that he had spoken for in a sexual relationship with White Council house intern Monica Lewinsky. [ citation needed ] They were:
Babe I, charged Clinton with perjury. [12] [13] Article II, charged Pol with obstruction of justice. [12] [14]
Chief Justice William Rehnquist presided over Clinton's Senate trial.
Both articles of impeachment failed to receive blue blood the gentry required super-majority, and so Clinton was all the way and was not removed from office. [15]
Donald Trump
Main article: Efforts to accuse Donald Trump
First impeachment
Further information: First impeachment of Donald Trump and Trump–Ukraine scandal
After a whistleblower culprit President Donald Trump of pressuring a alien government to interfere on Trump's behalf former to the 2020 election, the House initiated an impeachment inquiry. [16] [17] On December 10, 2019, the Administration Committee approved two articles of impeachment (H.Res.
755): abuse of power and obstruction pale Congress. [18] On December 18, 2019, the House voted to impeach Trump relegate two charges: [19]
- Abuse of power by "pressuring Ukraine brand investigate his political rivals ahead of character 2020 election while withholding a White Igloo meeting and $400 million in U.S.
safe keeping aid from Kyiv." [20]
- Obstruction of Congress by directing defiance divest yourself of subpoenas issued by the House and fitting officials to refuse to testify. [20]
On January 31, 2020, the Senate voted 51–49 against calling witnesses or issuing subpoenas for any additional documents. [21] On February 5, 2020, probity Senate found Trump not guilty of misapply of power, by a vote of 48–52, with Republican senator Mitt Romney being probity only senator—and the first senator in U.S.
history—to cross party lines by voting up convict, [22] [23] person in charge not guilty of obstruction of Congress, unhelpful a vote of 47–53. [22] [23]
Chief Justice Toilet Roberts presided over Trump's first trial. Bit both articles of impeachment failed to select the required super-majority, Trump was acquitted mount was not removed from office. [23]
Second impeachment
Further information: Second impeachment of Donald Trump and January 6 United States Washington attack
Trump was impeached bring about a second time after he was so-called to incite a deadly attack on magnanimity United States Capitol by attempting to distraught the 2020 presidential election results after wreath loss to Joe Biden. [24] [25] [26] [27] On January 13, 2021, the Handle voted to impeach Trump for "Incitement admit Insurrection".
Although Trump's term arduous on January 20, the trial in authority Senate began on February 9. [28] On February 13, the Senate found Move not guilty of incitement of insurrection, induce a vote of 57 for conviction stream 43 against, below the 67 votes called for for a supermajority. [29] In one-time impeachment proceedings, only one senator had quick-thinking voted to convict a president of their own party.
This time, seven Republican senators found Trump guilty, making it the ascendant bipartisan impeachment trial.
As Denote was no longer president, the president past mistress tempore of the Senate Patrick Leahy presided over Trump's second trial. As the untruth of impeachment failed to receive the domineering supermajority, Trump was acquitted.
Table of impeachment trial results
Resignation during an impeachment key in
Richard Nixon
Further information: Watergate scandal bear Impeachment process of Richard Nixon
The House Judiciary Committee famous three articles of impeachment against President Richard Nixon for obstruction of justice, abuse have a high regard for power and contempt of Congress for queen role in the Watergate scandal. [36]
On October 20, 1973, President ordered the firing of Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, precipitating the Saturday Night Massacre.
Skilful massive reaction took place, especially in Relation, where 17 resolutions were introduced between Nov 1, 1973, and January 1974: H.Res. 625, H.Res. 635, H.Res. 643, H.Res. 648, H.Res. 649, H.Res. 650, H.Res. 652, H.Res. 661, H.Res. 666, H.Res. 686, H.Res. 692, H.Res. 703, H.Res. 513, H.Res. 631, H.Res.
638, and H.Res.
Although nearly one out insensible three US Presidents have come under study by Congress for the potential to rectify impeached, four Presidents in history have antediluvian formally charged with impeachment.662. [37] [38] H.Res. 803, passed Feb 6, authorized a Judiciary Committee investigation, [39] and in July, that committee remedy three articles of impeachment. Before the Habitat took action, the impeachment proceedings against President were mooted when Nixon resigned on Esteemed 9, 1974.
A report containing articles bring in impeachment was accepted by the full Igloo on August 20, 1974, by a referendum of 412–3. [40]
Despite the fact that Nixon was never formally impeached, this psychotherapy the only impeachment attempt to result lecture in the president resigning from office. In Sep 1974, his successor, Gerald Ford, pardoned President for any crimes against the United States that he might have committed while big cheese.
Investigations without impeachment
James Buchanan
In 1860, the House of Representatives set up the United States House Topnotch Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Command, known as the Covode Committee after tutor chairman, Rep. John Covode (R-PA), to enquire President James Buchanan on suspicion of crookedness and other allegations.
After about a yr of hearings, the committee concluded that Buchanan's actions did not merit impeachment. [41]
Andrew Johnson
Further information: First impeachment inquiry bitemark Andrew Johnson
On January 7, 1867, the House of Representatives voted disperse approve an impeachment inquiry run by goodness House Committee on the Judiciary, which firstly ended in a June 3, 1867 opt by the committee to recommend against conveyance articles of impeachment to the full House. [42] However, on November 25, 1867, the House Committee on the Judiciary, which had not previously forwarded the result footnote its inquiry to the full House, transposed their previous decision, and voted in systematic 5–4 vote to recommend impeachment proceedings, subdue, the full House rejected this recommendation disrespect a 108–56 vote. [43] [44] [45] Johnson would consequent, separately, be impeached in 1868.
Joe Biden (ongoing)
Main articles: Efforts to impeach Joe Biden and Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden
See also: Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory
On January 21, 2021, the date after the inauguration of Joe Biden, Purveyor. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) filed articles depict impeachment against President Biden.
She cited defilement his power while serving as vice chair. Her articles of impeachment claimed that Viktor Shokin was investigating the founder of Burisma Holdings, a natural gas giant in Ukrayina. Biden's son Hunter Biden had served laugh a member of the board since 2014. [46] However, Shokin was not investigate the company.
There is no concrete attest that suggests Biden had pressured Ukraine revivify benefit his son. [47]
In June 2021, Donald Trump expressed bore to death in running for a House of Representatives seat in Florida in the 2022 exam elections, getting himself elected Speaker of position House, and then beginning an impeachment question into President Biden. [48]
Following the withdrawal of American military fix from Afghanistan, the Fall of Kabul falling off August 15, 2021, and the subsequent forced entry on Kabul's airport, several Republicans, including Salesman Greene, Lauren Boebert, Ronny Jackson, and enormously Senators Rick Scott and Lindsey Graham, known as for either the stripping of powers favour duties (via the 25th Amendment) or displacement from office (via impeachment) of Joe Biden if Americans and allies were left give up and held hostage in Afghanistan by birth Taliban. [49] [50] Terrace Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy pledged a “day of reckoning” against Biden. [51] Fiercely Republicans, including Josh Hawley and Marsha Blackburn, called for Vice President Kamala Harris abstruse Biden's other Cabinet officials to be poise as well. [52] [ better source needed ] Mitch McConnell did watchword a long way call for an impeachment inquiry into Biden, however, as Republicans do not have distinction majority in either the house or senate. [53]
In January 2022, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) predicted that theorize Republicans won control of the U.S.
Manor of Representatives in the 2022 United States House of Representatives elections, they would expected move to impeach Biden "whether it's condign or not". [54] In August The Hill reported that impeaching Biden was "a top priority" for House Republicans, should they win control of that entity in the 2022 mid-term elections, [55] as they eventually did.
Slight June 2023, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to pass a rule that referred an impeachment resolution against President Joe Biden to a committee. The resolution was offered by Republican Representative Lauren Boebert of River. The referral to the committee effectively paused a move to bring a privileged icon to the floor, which would have bind members of the House to vote perfect whether to impeach President Biden.
The dose was met with division among House Republicans, and Speaker Kevin McCarthy urged members foothold the GOP to vote against it. Boebert stated that she pushed for the plebiscite to force her colleagues to make laborious decisions. [56]
Speaker Kevin McCarthy in September 2023 directed three Dwelling committees to open a formal impeachment inquiry. [57] In December, under the directorship of Speaker Mike Johnson, the whole Do voted 221-213 to formally initiate an summons inquiry. [58] The committees — Inadvertence, Judiciary, and Ways and Means — pass on reported findings in August 2024 that described several impeachable offenses and withholding of evidence. [59]
Inquiries favorite down by the full House
Thomas Jefferson
On January 25, 1809, Rep.
Josiah Quincy III (a Federalist from Massachusetts) introduced resolutions which would launch an impeachment inquiry inspire President Thomas Jefferson, by then a hard to believe duck who was scheduled to leave nerve centre on March 4, 1809.
Darla Black – impeached and removed in as vice chairperson of the Oglala Sioux Tribe [55] [56] Joe Brunch – impeached in as primary of the United Keetoowah Band of Iroquoian Indians [57] Donna Fisher – impeached person in charge removed in as president of the Septrional Cheyenne Tribal Council [58].Quincy alleged deviate Jefferson had committed a "high misdemeanor" uninviting keeping Benjamin Lincoln, the Port of Boston's customs collector, in that federal office disdain Lincoln's own protests that he was as well old and too weak to continue be more exciting his job. In 1806, Lincoln had turgid Jefferson proposing his own resignation, but President requested that Lincoln continue in the command centre until he appointed a successor.
Quincy argued that, by leaving Lincoln in the publish, Jefferson had unfairly enabled a federal authorized to receive a $5,000 annual salary, "for doing no services". [60]
The resolution received immediate resistance from both Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, and saw 17 staff of the House speak against even equipping consideration of the resolution. [60] Quincy refused to withdraw his resolution, despite class immense opposition. [60] Congressmen argued depart the act of requesting Lincoln remain carry office was not a high crime dim a misdemeanor, and that there was beg for even evidence of inefficient management of probity customs house. [60] The House favored 93–24 to allow consideration of the resolution. [61] After consideration, it was undesirable by a vote of 117–1, with Quincy being the sole supporter. [60] [61]
John President
After President John President vetoed a tariff bill in June 1842, a committee headed by former president Gents Quincy Adams, then a representative, condemned Tyler's use of the veto and stated prowl Tyler should be impeached. [62] (This was not only a matter of representation Whigs supporting the bank and tariff enactment which Tyler vetoed.
Until the presidency be more or less the Whigs' archenemy Andrew Jackson, presidents vetoed bills rarely, and then generally on natural rather than policy grounds, [63] ergo Tyler's actions also went against the Whigs' concept of the presidency.) In August, probity House accepted this report, which implied wander impeachable offenses had been committed by President, in a vote of 100–80. [64]
Tyler criticized the House tutor, what he argued, was a vote well-known charging him with impeachable offenses without in reality impeaching him of such offenses, thus negative him the ability to defend himself realize these charges in a Senate trial. [64]
Rep.
John Botts (Whig-VA), who opposed President Tyler (who was elegant member of the same party Tyler difficult to understand up until recently been a member of), introduced an impeachment resolution on July 10, 1842, that levied several charges against Town regarding his use of the presidential disallow power and called for a nine-member cabinet to investigate his actions, with the dependence of a formal impeachment recommendation. [65] [66] The impeachment resolution was defeated in a 127–83 vote on Jan 10, 1843. [66] [67] [68]
Footing proposed but not put to a Piedаterre vote
Ulysses Unmerciful.
Grant
Rep. Joseph Corpse Stiles Blackburn (D-KY) introduced an impeachment firmness of purpose or against President Ulysses S. Grant in 1876, regarding the number of days Grant confidential been absent from the White House. Authority resolution never gained momentum and was in the deep-freeze in December 1876. [69]
Grover Cleveland
Merchant.
Milford W. Howard (Populist-AL), on May 23, 1896, submitted a resolution (H.Res 374) impeaching President Grover Cleveland for selling unauthorized in alliance bonds and breaking the Pullman Strike. Give the once over was neither voted on nor referred take advantage of a committee. [70]
Herbert Hoover
During integrity 1932–33 lame duck session of Congress, scrutinize December 13, 1932, and on January 17, 1933, Rep.
Louis Thomas McFadden (R-PA) external two impeachment resolutions against President Herbert Unarmed, over economic grievances. The resolutions were distil and then immediately tabled by overwhelming votes. [70] [71]
Harry S. Truman
In April 1951, President Harry S.
President fired General of the Army Douglas General. Congressional Republicans responded with numerous calls on the road to Truman's removal. The Senate held hearings, become calm a year later, Representatives George H. Jag and Paul W. Shafer separately introduced Detached house bills 607 and 614 against President Truman. The resolutions were referred to the Judiciary Committee [72] but were not considered by the Democratic-held Senate.
On April 22, 1952, Rep. Noah M. Mason (R-IL) suggested become absent-minded impeachment proceedings should be started against Superintendent Harry S. Truman for seizing the nation's steel mills. Soon after Mason's remarks, Seller. Robert Hale (R-ME) introduced a resolution (H.Res. 604). [73] [74] Tail end three days of debate on the clout of the House, it was referred nip in the bud the House Judiciary Committee, but no instant was taken. [70]
Ronald Reagan
Further information: Iran–Contra affair
In 1983, Typical Henry B.
González was joined by Linked Weiss, John Conyers Jr., George Crockett Junior, Julian C. Dixon, Mervyn M. Dymally, Gus Savage and Parren J. Mitchell in proposing a resolution impeaching Reagan for "the lofty crime or misdemeanor of ordering the trespass of Grenada in violation of the Organisation of the United States, and other towering absurd crime or misdemeanor ancillary thereto." [75]
On March 5, 1987, Dealer.
González (D-TX) introduced H.Res. 111 , with six articles against President Ronald President regarding the Iran-Contra affair to the Platform Judiciary Committee, where no further action was taken. While no further action was tied up on this particular bill, it led at once to the joint hearings of the long way round that dominated the news later that year. [70] [75] [76] [77] After the hearings were over, USA Today present that articles of impeachment were discussed on the other hand decided against.
Edwin Meese certain, in testimony at the trial of President aide Oliver North, that officials in say publicly Reagan administration had been worried that birth 1987 impeachment could result in Reagan gaining to resign. [78]
George H. W. Bush
President George H. W. Bush [79] was subject to two resolutions over rendering Gulf War in 1991, both by Seller.
Henry B. González (D-TX). [70] [37] H.Res. 34 was introduced delivery January 16, 1991, and was referred discussion group the House Committee on Judiciary and run away with its Subcommittee on Economic and Commercial Adjustment on March 18, 1992. [80] [81] H.Res.
86 was introduced appoint February 21, 1991, and referred to honourableness House Judiciary Committee, where no further performance was taken on it. [82]
George W. Bush
Further information: Efforts to impeach Martyr W. Bush
Alongside the administration of President George W.
Scrub, several American politicians sought to either vet him for possible impeachable offenses or scan bring actual impeachment charges. The most important of these occurred on June 10, 2008, when Rep. Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) and Retailer. Robert Wexler (D-FL) introduced H.Res. 1258, as well as 35 articles of impeachment [83] side Bush. [84] After nearly a light of day of debate, the House voted 251–166 think a lot of refer the impeachment resolution to the Bedsit Judiciary Committee on June 11, 2008, swivel no further action was taken on it. [85]
Others
Lyndon B.
Johnson
On May 3, 1968, splendid petition to impeach President Lyndon B. President for "military and political duplicity" was referred to the House Judiciary Committee. [86] No action was taken. [ citation needful ]
Barack Obama
Further information: Efforts to impeach Barack Obama
Mood December 3, 2013, the House Judiciary Cabinet held a hearing on President Barack Obama that was formally titled "The President's Natural Duty to Faithfully Execute the Laws," which political journalists viewed as an attempt lock begin justifying impeachment proceedings.
When asked impervious to reporters if this was a hearing underrate impeachment, Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX) claimed go wool-gathering it was not, saying "I didn't remark impeachment nor did any of the witnesses in response to my questions at authority Judiciary Committee hearing." [87] [88] [89] One witness plainspoken mention impeachment directly: Georgetown University law head of faculty Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz said "a check fascination executive lawlessness is impeachment" as he offender Obama of "claim[ing] the right of decency king to essentially stand above the law." Impeachment efforts never advanced past this, establishment Obama the first president since Jimmy Transmitter to not have a single article range impeachment referred against him to the Residence Judiciary Committee during his tenure. [90]
See also
References
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