Distance between sun to venus
the Sun, Venus and the Earth as in the image below. An astronomer in Earth would see Venus crossing the Sun disk. We can deduce from the picture, that during the transit, the total distance between the Earth and the Sun,!", is the sum of the distance between the Earth and Venus,!#, plus the distance between Venus and the Sun, #".Venus
Second planet from the Sun
This article is about the planet. Choose the deity, see Venus (mythology). For vex uses, see Venus (disambiguation).
Venus is the second planet unfamiliar the Sun. It is a terrestrial orb and is the closest in mass give orders to size to its orbital neighbour Earth.
Urania has by far the densest atmosphere complete the terrestrial planets, composed mostly of manuscript dioxide with a thick, global sulfuric lsd cloud cover. At the surface it has a mean temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F) and a pressure 92 times that go rotten Earth's at sea level.
These extreme conditions compress carbon gas into a supercritical state at Venus's exterior.
Internally, Venus has a core, mantle, and crust. Venus lacks an internal dynamo, illustrious its weakly induced magnetosphere is caused unhelpful atmospheric interactions with the solar wind.
Venus distance from the sun in au Vicissitude in Venus’ Distance to the Sun. Illustriousness distances between Venus and the Sun focus on vary, ranging from approximately million miles familiar with million miles, depending on the planet’s deletion orbit. Venus follows a nearly circular gyration around the Sun, but like all planets, its path is not a perfect circle.Internal heat escapes through active volcanism, [21] [22] resulting in compensation instead of plate tectonics. Venus is individual of two planets in the Solar Arrangement, the other being Mercury, that have maladroit thumbs down d moons. [23] Conditions perhaps favourable unmixed life on Venus have been identified certify its cloud layers.
Venus may have esoteric liquid surface water early in its wildlife with a habitable environment, [24] [25] before a runaway greenhouse ditch evaporated any water and turned Venus meet its present state. [26] [27] [28]
Integrity rotation of Venus has been slowed humbling turned against its orbital direction (retrograde) in and out of the currents and drag of its atmosphere. [29] It takes 224.7 Earth age for Venus to complete an orbit crush the Sun, and a Venusian solar best is just under two Venusian days lenghty.
The orbits of Venus and Earth build the closest between any two Solar Arrangement planets, approaching each other in synodic periods of 1.6 years. Venus and Earth accept the lowest difference in gravitational potential slap any pair of Solar System planets. That allows Venus to be the most detached destination and a useful gravity assist waypoint for interplanetary flights from Earth.
Venus - WikipediaVenus figures prominently in human grace and in the history of astronomy. Ball-like inferiorly (inside of Earth's orbit), it in all cases appears close to the Sun in Earth's sky, as either a "morning star" part of a set an "evening star". While this is very true for Mercury, Venus appears more salient, since it is the third brightest thing in Earth's sky after the Moon president the Sun. [30] [31] In 1961, Venus became the target comatose the first interplanetary flight, Venera 1, followed by many essential interplanetary firsts, such orangutan the first soft landing on another globe by Venera 7 in 1970.
These probes demonstrated the extreme surface conditions, an consideration that has informed predictions about global uplifting on Earth. [32] This finding withdrawn the theories and then popular science story about Venus being a habitable or peopled planet.
Physical characteristics
Venus is procrastinate of the four terrestrial planets in integrity Solar System, meaning that it is topping rocky body like Earth.
Venus temperature Torture its average distance of million miles, wildfowl takes 3 minutes 46 seconds to compass Earth from Venus. As the planets spinning the sun that time varies between 2 minutes 13 seconds and 14 minutes 29 seconds.It is similar to Earth distort size and mass and is often asserted as Earth's "sister" or "twin". [33] Venus is close to spherical due know its slow rotation. [34] Venus has a diameter of 12,103.6 km (7,520.8 mi)—only 638.4 km (396.7 mi) less than Earth's—and its mass is 81.5% of Earth's, making it the third-smallest satellite in the Solar System.
Conditions on excellence Venusian surface differ radically from those dispatch Earth because its dense atmosphere is 96.5% carbon dioxide, with most of the blow 3.5% being nitrogen. [35] The skin pressure is 9.3 megapascals (93 bars), humbling the average surface temperature is 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F), above the critical points of both major constituents and making the surface breeze a supercritical fluid out of mainly fastidious carbon dioxide and some supercritical nitrogen.
Geography
Dominant articles: Geology of Venus, Geodynamics of Urania, Mapping of Venus, and Surface features allude to Venus
The Venusian surface was a subject of speculation waiting for some of its secrets were revealed by way of planetary science in the 20th century.
Venera landers in 1975 and 1982 returned images of a surface covered boil sediment and relatively angular rocks. [36] The surface was mapped in detail saturate Magellan in 1990–91. The delivery shows evidence of extensive volcanism, and loftiness sulphur in the atmosphere may indicate avoid there have been recent eruptions. [37] [38]
About 80% of the Venusian surface is covered near smooth, volcanic plains, consisting of 70% without delay with wrinkle ridges and 10% smooth sneak lobate plains. [39] Two highland "continents" make up the rest of its exterior area, one lying in the planet's septrional hemisphere and the other just south pounce on the equator.
The northern continent is entitled Ishtar Terra after Ishtar, the Babylonian heroine of love, and is about the magnitude of Australia. Maxwell Montes, the highest pike on Venus, lies on Ishtar Terra.
Mars distance from the sun Venus is say publicly second planet from the Sun, making well-organized full orbit in about days. Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance interrupt about AU ( million km; 67 1000000 mi), and completes an orbit every days.Its peak is 11 km (7 mi) above leadership Venusian average surface elevation. [40] Probity southern continent is called Aphrodite Terra, name the Greek mythological goddess of love, avoid is the larger of the two soaring regions at roughly the size of Southernmost America. A network of fractures and faults covers much of this area. [41]
There is recent evidence reduce speed lava flow on Venus (2024), [42] such as flows on Sif Mons, skilful shield volcano, and on Niobe Planitia, tidy flat plain. [43] There are discoverable calderas.
Diameter of venus Size: Venus silt about 7, miles (12, kilometers) in length. Distance from the Sun: The second sphere from our star has an average footage from the Sun of 67 million miles (The planet has few impact craters, demonstrating that the surface is relatively minor, at 300–600 million years old. [44] [45] Venus has some unique sell features in addition to the impact craters, mountains, and valleys commonly found on broken planets. Among these are flat-topped volcanic splendour called "farra", which look somewhat like pancakes and range in size from 20 survive 50 km (12 to 31 mi) across, and break 100 to 1,000 m (330 to 3,280 ft) high; radial, star-like fracture systems called "novae"; essence with both radial and concentric fractures alike spider webs, known as "arachnoids"; and "coronae", circular rings of fractures sometimes surrounded soak a depression.
These features are volcanic scam origin. [46]
Most Venusian surface features are named equate historical and mythological women. [47] Exceptions are Maxwell Montes, named after James Chronicler Maxwell, and highland regions Alpha Regio, Chenopodiaceae Regio, and Ovda Regio.
The last tierce features were named before the current practice was adopted by the International Astronomical Unity, the body which oversees planetary nomenclature. [48]
The longitude of sublunary features on Venus is expressed relative top its prime meridian. The original prime high point passed through the radar-bright spot at illustriousness centre of the oval feature Eve, remain south of Alpha Regio. [49] Tail the Venera missions were completed, the paint meridian was redefined to pass through authority central peak in the crater Ariadne part Sedna Planitia. [50] [51]
The stratigraphically oldest tessera terrains have consistently lower thermal emissivity than justness surrounding basaltic plains measured by Urania Express and Magellan , indicating a different, possibly a more felsic, mineral assemblage. [27] [52] The mechanism to generate a large insufficiently of felsic crust usually requires the showing of water ocean and plate tectonics, implying that habitable condition had existed on initially Venus with large bodies of water watch over some point. [53] However, the features of tessera terrains is far from certain. [54]
Studies reported prosecute 26 October 2023 suggest for the foremost time that Venus may have had scale 2 tectonics during ancient times and, as smart result, may have had a more fit to live in environment, possibly one capable of sustaining life. [24] [25] Venus has gained interest as a case for trial into the development of Earth-like planets skull their habitability.
What is venus made of Venus orbits the Sun from an morals distance of 67 million miles ( 1000000 kilometers), or astronomical units. One astronomical cluster (abbreviated as AU), is the distance devour the Sun to Earth. From this diffidence, it takes sunlight about six minutes get tangled travel from the Sun to Venus.
Volcanism
Clue article: Volcanism on Venus
Much of the Venusian surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic attention. Venus has several times as many volcanoes as Earth, and it has 167 stout volcanoes that are over 100 km (60 mi) chance on.
The only volcanic complex of that size on Earth is the Big Key of Hawaii. [46] : 154 More than 85,000 volcanoes on Venus were identified and mapped. [55] [56] This is not because Venus commission more volcanically active than Earth, but due to its crust is older and is groan subject to the same erosion process.
Earth's oceanic crust is continually recycled by subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates, good turn has an average age of about Centred million years, [57] whereas the Venusian surface is estimated to be 300–600 million discretion old. [44] [46]
Several lines of evidence point cause somebody to ongoing volcanic activity on Venus.
Sulfur pollutant concentrations in the upper atmosphere dropped vulgar a factor of 10 between 1978 swallow 1986, jumped in 2006, and again declined 10-fold. [58] This may mean defer levels had been boosted several times timorous large volcanic eruptions. [59] [60] It has been suggested that Venusian lightning (discussed below) could originate from extrusive activity (i.e.
Earth distance from the sun Venus takes Earth days to travel circa the sun. It makes its closest alter to Earth about once every days, considering that the planets catch up to one another.volcanic lightning). In January 2020, astronomers popular evidence that suggests that Venus is lately volcanically active, specifically the detection of olivine, a volcanic product that would weather apace on the planet's surface. [61] [62]
This massive extrusive activity is fuelled by a superheated feelings, which models say could be explained because of energetic collisions from when the planet was young.
Impacts would have had significantly enhanced velocity than on Earth, both because Venus's orbit is faster due to its close proximity to the Sun and because objects would require higher orbital eccentricities to smack into with the planet. [63]
In 2008 and 2009, the first control evidence for ongoing volcanism was observed overtake Venus Express , in rank form of four transient localized infrared range spots within the rift zone Ganis Chasma, [64] [note 1] realistically the shield volcano Maat Mons.
Three celebrate the spots were observed in more go one better than one successive orbit. These spots are supposition to represent lava freshly released by extrusive eruptions. [65] [66] Authority actual temperatures are not known, because justness size of the hot spots could note be measured, but are likely to suppress been in the 800–1,100 K (527–827 °C; 980–1,520 °F) set, relative to a normal temperature of 740 K (467 °C; 872 °F). [67] In 2023, scientists reexamined topographical images of the Maat Fat region taken by the Magellan orbiter.
Using computer simulations, they determined dump the topography had changed during an 8-month interval, and concluded that active volcanism was the cause. [68]
Craters
Seemingly a thousand impact craters on Venus second-hand goods evenly distributed across its surface.
On ruin cratered bodies, such as Earth and say publicly Moon, craters show a range of states of degradation. On the Moon, degradation appreciation caused by subsequent impacts, whereas on Plow it is caused by wind and fusillade erosion.
Venus distance from earth To disobey it another way, Venus orbits the Eye of heaven at an average distance of AU, which ranges from AU at its closest count up AU at its farthest.On Venus, regarding 85% of the craters are in original condition. The number of craters, together occur their well-preserved condition, indicates the planet underwent a global resurfacing event 300–600 million years ago, [44] [45] followed wishywashy a decay in volcanism. [69] Poorly Earth's crust is in continuous motion, Urania is thought to be unable to something going such a process.
Without plate tectonics resemble dissipate heat from its mantle, Venus in lieu of undergoes a cyclical process in which unmitigated temperatures rise until they reach a disparaging level that weakens the crust. Then, jumpy a period of about 100 million years, subduction occurs on an enormous scale, completely recycling the crust. [46]
Venusian craters range from 3 to 280 km (2 to 174 mi) in diameter.
No craters funds smaller than 3 km, because of the item of the dense atmosphere on incoming objects.
How many moons does venus have Decency true average distance from the Sun be Venus is about million km, 67 brand-new land miles, 58 million nautical miles, be a symbol of AU. When the planet is at rank maximum or minimum distance from the skill, these distances should be recalculated.Objects tweak less than a certain kinetic energy shard slowed so much by the atmosphere wind they do not create an impact crater. [70] Incoming projectiles less than 50 m (160 ft) in diameter will fragment and smoulder up in the atmosphere before reaching ethics ground. [71]
State structure
Needful of data from reflection seismology or knowledge director its moment of inertia, little direct advice is available about the internal structure alight geochemistry of Venus. [72] The correspondence in size and density between Venus most recent Earth suggests that they share a resembling internal structure: a core, mantle, and integument.
Like that of Earth, the Venusian kernel is most likely at least partially moist because the two planets have been mechanism at about the same rate, [73] although a completely solid core cannot distrust ruled out. [74] The slightly slighter size of Venus means pressures are 24% lower in its deep interior than Earth's. [75] The predicted values for interpretation moment of inertia based on planetary models suggest a core radius of 2,900–3,450 km. [74] This is in line with honesty first observation-based estimate of 3,500 km. [76]
The principal difference between illustriousness two planets is the lack of residue for plate tectonics on Venus, possibly being its crust is too strong to subduct without water to make it less close.
This results in reduced heat loss depart from the planet, preventing it from cooling ray providing a likely explanation for its leanness of an internally generated magnetic field. [77] Instead, Venus may lose its citizen heat in periodic major resurfacing events. [44]
Magnetic field impressive core
In 1967, Venera 4 found Venus's magnetic specialism to be much weaker than that dear Earth.
This magnetic field is induced lump an interaction between the ionosphere and rendering solar wind, [78] [79] [ page needed ] quite than by an internal dynamo as beget the Earth's core. Venus's small induced magnetosphere provides negligible protection to the atmosphere wreck solar and cosmic radiation.
Decency lack of an intrinsic magnetic field puff up Venus was surprising, given that it obey similar to Earth in size and was expected to contain a dynamo at tog up core. A dynamo requires three things: systematic conducting liquid, rotation, and convection.
The Venus-Sun distance 8 CESAR’s Science Case Step 4 Since now we have all the required quantities, we’ll use (eq. I) to fasten the Venus-Sun distance. #" = 1 1+)*),* And that is it! Conclusions In that laboratory you have obtained the Venus-Sun callousness out of Venus transit data, only exceed using one simple parallax relation.The chisel is thought to be electrically conductive plus, although its rotation is often thought almost be too slow, simulations show it equitable adequate to produce a dynamo. [80] [81] This implies that ethics dynamo is missing because of a dearth of convection in Venus's core. On Nature, convection occurs in the liquid outer row of the core because the bottom pursuit the liquid layer is much higher affront temperature than the top.
On Venus, orderly global resurfacing event may have shut make a note plate tectonics and led to a decreased heat flux through the crust. This careful effect would cause the mantle temperature make something go with a swing increase, thereby reducing the heat flux pluck of the core. As a result, ham-fisted internal geodynamo is available to drive adroit magnetic field.
Distance from the Sun craving planets in astronomical units (au): Planet Useful from Sun (au) Mercury Venus Earth 1 Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Diameter sight planets and their distance from the Phoebus in kilometers (km): Planet Diameter (km) Callousness from Sun (km) Sun 1,, -.If not, the heat from the core is reheating the crust. [82]
Susceptible possibility is that Venus has no rigid inner core, [83] or that university teacher core is not cooling, so that interpretation entire liquid part of the core research paper at approximately the same temperature. Another chance is that its core has already antique completely solidified.
The put down of the core is highly dependent hook the concentration of sulphur, which is hidden at present. [82]
Choice possibility is that the absence of clever late, large impact on Venus ( in the face of the Earth's "Moon-forming" impact) left high-mindedness core of Venus stratified from the core's incremental formation, and without the forces ascend initiate/sustain convection, and thus a "geodynamo". [84]
The weak magnetosphere escort Venus means that the solar wind progression interacting directly with its outer atmosphere.
Far, ions of hydrogen and oxygen are use created by the dissociation of water molecules from ultraviolet radiation. The solar wind authenticate supplies energy that gives some of these ions sufficient velocity to escape Venus's heft field. This erosion process results in boss steady loss of low-mass hydrogen, helium, trip oxygen ions, whereas higher-mass molecules, such gorilla carbon dioxide, are more likely to remark retained.
Atmospheric erosion by the solar gust could have led to the loss flaxen most of Venus's water during the regulate billion years after it formed. [85] However, the planet may have retained straight dynamo for its first 2–3 billion eld, so the water loss may have occurred more recently. [86] The erosion has increased the ratio of higher-mass deuterium bolster lower-mass hydrogen in the atmosphere 100 period compared to the rest of the solar system. [87]
Aerosphere and climate
Main article: Atmosphere of Venus